中世争乱の舞台としての有馬ー落葉山城を中心にー

Arima as the Stage of Medieval Conflict, with a Focus on Ochibayama Castle

神戸市北区の有馬は、日本有数の温泉地であるとともに、長い歴史を伝える地域でもある。その発展は、特に中世にみられ、織豊期における豊臣秀吉による支配を経てピークを迎える。しかし、温泉地として発展していく一方、有馬は中世の争乱に巻き込まれることとなった。その舞台の一つに、現在は遺構のみが確認できる落葉山城がある。落葉山城は、限られた範囲ではあるが文献史料においても動向をみることができ、特に三好宗三が城主であった天文年間に起こった合戦の様子がわかる。この合戦は、三好氏や別所氏といった摂津・播磨国に拠点を置く勢力の争いの中に位置づけられる。三好宗三が退城した後、落葉山城は有馬氏の支配下となり、重要拠点からは外れることとなった。織田信長の侵攻に備え整備が行われるものの、有馬は近隣地域とともに平定され、役目を失った落葉山城は廃城となった。有馬は、古文書・記録、または近世の地誌類によって歴史をひも解くことができ、温泉地としての発展だけにとどまらず分析を加えることで、より広範囲の歴史像を復元できるものと考える。

Arima, which is located in Kita Ward of the city of Kobe, is one of Japan's leading hot spring resorts, with a long history. The main phase of its development occurred during the Middle Ages, peaking alter it came under the control of Toyotomi Hideyoshi during the second half of the sixteenth century. However, Arima was at the center of disputes during the period of its development as a spa area. One of the scenes of these disputes was Ochibayama Castle, only the ruins of which remain. Historical documents, though limited, also reveal that Ochibayama Castle was the scene of conflict. There is evidence of a battle that occurred in the first half of the sixteenth century when Miyoshi Sosan was the castle's owner. This battle was fought by forces based in Settsu and Harima. After Miyoshi Sosan's departure, Ochibayama Castle came under the control of the Arima family and was no longer an important base. Ochibayama Castle was kept in a state of readiness for the invasion of Oda Nobunaga, but Arima and neighboring areas were decimated and Ochibayama Castle was abandoned. Arima's history can be deciphered by consulting ancient historical documents and records and by examining the geographical features of the Edo period. I believe that a wider range of historical images can be retrieved through an analysis that is not confined to Arima's development as a hot spring resort.